![]() Given the concept of autism has broadened to include a wider range of phenotypes, social methods of distraction are likely to be seen across a broader cross section of the autism spectrum. This work observed that persons with PDA reject demands through a variety of social strategies, such as distraction or negotiation, whereas individuals with ASD tend to be more forthright and direct, so less strategic or ‘manipulative’ in their rejection of demands. Įarly work comparing ASD to PDA conceptualized PDA as a separate subgroup (Newson et al. Behavioural non-compliance and emotional dysregulation is not exclusive to ASD, but have plausible drivers in the context of ASD. ![]() This is congruent with the broader literature on ASD sub-populations who exhibit severe non-compliance and emotional dysregulation (e.g. PDA traits appear to exist in varying concentrations within ASD (e.g. Indeed, one study found similar levels of autistic traits in children identified as having PDA compared to a sample with ASD not selected for PDA (O’Nions et al. For others, the chronicity of the problem justifies the term “pathological”.īroadening diagnostic criteria over the last 30 years means many of the 12 children Newson originally described would now likely meet diagnostic cut-offs for ASD. This is to reflect the idea that, from the individual’s perspective, avoidance of everyday requests may seem appropriate and thus not ‘pathological’, even though if disproportionate to others, hence the alternative term, EDA (Gillberg 2014). Some propose a terminological move from ‘pathological’ to ‘extreme’ demand avoidance. PDA is associated with a passive early history over the first year of development avoidance of demands, with extreme outbursts if demands are escalated surface sociability but apparent lack of sense of social identity lability of mood and impulsivity comfort in role play and pretending language delay, possibly attributable to passivity obsessive behaviour and soft neurological signs (awkwardness, clumsiness, dyspraxia and similar) (Newson et al. Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) is a behavioural profile associated with apparently obsessive non-compliance, distress, and florid challenging and socially inappropriate behaviour in children, adolescents and adults (Newson et al.
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